(a) Mention three equipment used in incubation of eggs
(b) State five measures a livestock farmer could adopt to control diseases on the farm
(c) enumerate four advantages of artificial insemination
(d) Discuss two methods of animal improvement.
Explanation
(a) Equipment used in Incubation of Eggs: (i) Egg tray (ii) incubator (iii) Hatcher (iv) Egg candler (v) Egg grader (vi) Egg crate/egg setter.
(b) Measures used to control Disease on the Farm: (i) Medication/Drenching (ii) Drug administration (iii) Vaccination/inoculation.
(iv) Quarantine/isolation (v) Provision of adequate balanced diet. (vi) Provision of fresh clean water. (vii) Provision of well ventilated housing (viii) Restriction of unwanted visitors/animals
(ix) Provision of foot baths/bio-security. (x) Good stocking rate/avoidance of overstocking
(xi) Good sanitary practices/good hygiene/cleaning (xi i) Dipping delousing pour-on.
(c) Advantages of Artificial Insemination: (i) Enhances optimal use of semen (ii) Saves the cost of maintaining male animals
(iii ) Prevents the spread of sexual transmitted diseases ) Easier and cheaper to obtain semen than a live male.
(v)Allows more female animals to be served in the farm at the same time.
(vi) It can be used to control inbreeding in the farm. (vii) The semen of a desired sire can be used even alter death.
(viii) It aids better records keeping (ix) Semen of old/injured sires can be used
(x) It makes it possible to inseminate female animals of different sizes.
(d) Methods of Animal Improvement: Introduction: (i) This involves the movement of an animal with desired characteristics or trails from its origin to another region where it can adapt.
(ii) imported animals are: usually quarantined (iii) When introduced breeds are mated with local breeds the good qualities of both are obtained.
(vi) Introduction can be costly in terms of purchase and maintenance.
(v)Animal may not perform optimally in the new environment. Selection -It is the process of choosing animals with desirable qualities as parents. -Desirable qualities are passed onto the offspring -It maximizes genetic gain/accumulation of good traits. -Selection can be natural or artificial. -Example of artificial selection are mass, progeny, pedigree, family. Breeding/cross breeding/out breeding/inbreeding:
-It involves the transfer )f heritable characters from parents to offspring through mating. -The parents are carefully chosen -Types of breeding include inbreeding, cross-breeding and out-breeding. The desired qualities are incorporated into succeeding generations.